Word-for-Word Plagiarism
Word for word plagiarism occurs when a text or parts of it are copied verbatim from an original work without acknowledging the author. The lack of quotation marks at the beginning and end of a short passage, or indention for a longer one is considered plagiarism. The use of a citation, a footnote, or an endnote only indicates that the information has a source, but lacks to acknowledge that the original words from the author are being used. Either quotation marks or block indention must be used when the original work is copied word for word.
The following examples will provide students' versions of original materials and an analysis of those versions in terms of plagiarism.
- Example 1: Word-for-Word Plagiarism
Original Source Material Student's Version Business plays a mammoth role in workforce development, but many environments are inhospitable to learning, and business goals may fail to serve the learner. The competitive global economy has caused employers to take a greater interest in human resource development because it is through people, not technology, that competitive edge is gained. Business plays a mammoth role in workforce development, but many environments are inhospitable to learning, and business goals may fail to serve the learner (Bierema, 2000). Source:
Bierema, L. L. (2000). Moving beyond performance paradigms in human resource development. In A. L. Wilson & E. R. Hayes (Eds.), Handbook of adult and continuing education (pp. 278-293). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Reference:
Bierema, L. L. (2000). Moving beyond performance paradigms in human resource development. In A. L. Wilson & E. R. Hayes (Eds.), Handbook of adult and continuing education (pp. 278-293). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Analysis:
- Note that the author is cited -Bierema 2000- in the student's version (APA style). However, the paragraph should be in quotation marks as the author's words are used verbatim.
- Including a reference (APA style) has no use if the author has not been cited in the text.
- Example 2: Word-for-Word Plagiarism (Mosaic)
The mosaic type of plagiarism refers to the blending of original material with students' words without giving credit to the author of the original.
Original Source Material Student's Version Business plays a mammoth role in workforce development, but many environments are inhospitable to learning, and business goals may fail to serve the learner. The competitive global economy has caused employers to take a greater interest in human resource development because it is through people, not technology, that competitive edge is gained.
Workforce development is more closely linked to job performance than to larger educational goals. Some business environments are inhospitable to learning and business goals fail to serve the learner, although competitive edge is gained with the human capital and not with technological advances.
Source:
Bierema, L. L. (2000). Moving beyond performance paradigms in human resource development. In A. L. Wilson & E. R. Hayes (Eds.), Handbook of adult and continuing education (pp. 278-293). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Reference:
Bierema, L. L. (2000). Moving beyond performance paradigms in human resource development. In A. L. Wilson & E. R. Hayes (Eds.), Handbook of adult and continuing education (pp. 278-293). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Analysis:
- In the student's version, note that the source is not cited in the paragraph with an in-text citation, footnote, or endnote.
- Phrases identical to the original are woven with the student's words (mosaic). The identical phrases are not quoted to give credit to the source.
- A reference is provided (APA style) but the source is not acknowledged in the paragraph.
- Example 3: Word-for-Word Plagiarism (Mosaic)
The mosaic type of plagiarism refers to the blending of original material with students' words without giving credit to the author of the original.
Original Source Material Student's Version Business plays a mammoth role in workforce development, but many environments are inhospitable to learning, and business goals may fail to serve the learner. The competitive global economy has caused employers to take a greater interest in human resource development because it is through people, not technology, that competitive edge is gained.
Workforce development is more closely linked to job performance than to larger educational goals. Some business environments are inhospitable to learning and business goals fail to serve the learner, although competitive edge is gained with the human capital and not with technological advances.
Source:
Bierema, L. L. (2000). Moving beyond performance paradigms in human resource development. In A. L. Wilson & E. R. Hayes (Eds.), Handbook of adult and continuing education (pp. 278-293). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Reference:
Bierema, L. L. (2000). Moving beyond performance paradigms in human resource development. In A. L. Wilson & E. R. Hayes (Eds.), Handbook of adult and continuing education (pp. 278-293). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Analysis:
- The rewording of ideas does not justify the absence of a citation in the text. The ideas are the author's and credit must be given.
- Phrases from the source are copied verbatim and woven with the student's words (mosaic) without giving credit to the author.
- Including a reference (APA style) has no use if the author has not been cited in the text.
- Example 4: Word-for-Word - Correct Version
Original Source Material Student's Version Business plays a mammoth role in workforce development, but many environments are inhospitable to learning, and business goals may fail to serve the learner. The competitive global economy has caused employers to take a greater interest in human resource development because it is through people, not technology, that competitive edge is gained.
"Workforce development" is more closely linked to job performance than to larger educational goals. Some business environments are "inhospitable to learning" and business goals "fail to serve the learner", although "competitive edge" is gained with the human capital and not with technological advances (Bierema, 2000, p. 278).
Source:
Bierema, L. L. (2000). Moving beyond performance paradigms in human resource development. In A. L. Wilson & E. R. Hayes (Eds.), Handbook of adult and continuing education (pp. 278-293). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Reference:
Bierema, L. L. (2000). Moving beyond performance paradigms in human resource development. In A. L. Wilson & E. R. Hayes (Eds.), Handbook of adult and continuing education (pp. 278-293). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Analysis:
- Note the citation at the end of the paragraph (APA style) -Bierema, 2000, p. 278-
- The original expressions are quoted, and the reference is provided (APA style).
- Example 5: Word-for-Word - Correct Version
Original Source Material Student's Version Business plays a mammoth role in workforce development, but many environments are inhospitable to learning, and business goals may fail to serve the learner. The competitive global economy has caused employers to take a greater interest in human resource development because it is through people, not technology, that competitive edge is gained.
Bierema (2000) affirms that although corporations are important in employees' education, "many environments are inhospitable to learning, and business goals may fail to serve the learner." (p. 278).
Source:
Bierema, L. L. (2000). Moving beyond performance paradigms in human resource development. In A. L. Wilson & E. R. Hayes (Eds.), Handbook of adult and continuing education (pp. 278-293). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Reference:
Bierema, L. L. (2000). Moving beyond performance paradigms in human resource development. In A. L. Wilson & E. R. Hayes (Eds.), Handbook of adult and continuing education (pp. 278-293). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Analysis:
- Note that quotation marks are used to indicate the original words of the author.
- The name, year of publication, and page number are indicated in the paragraph (APA style) to acknowledge credit to the source as the author's words are copied verbatim.
- A reference is also provided (APA style).
- Example 6: Word-for-Word - Correct Version
Original Source Material Student's Version Business plays a mammoth role in workforce development, but many environments are inhospitable to learning, and business goals may fail to serve the learner. The competitive global economy has caused employers to take a greater interest in human resource development because it is through people, not technology, that competitive edge is gained.
The corporate world represents a major influence in employees' education as Bierema (2000) affirms that
Business plays a mammoth role in workforce development, but many environments are inhospitable to learning, and business goals may fail to serve the learner. The competitive global economy has caused employers to take a greater interest in human resource development because it is through people, not technology, that competitive edge is gained (p. 278).
Source:
Bierema, L. L. (2000). Moving beyond performance paradigms in human resource development. In A. L. Wilson & E. R. Hayes (Eds.), Handbook of adult and continuing education (pp. 278-293). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Reference:
Bierema, L. L. (2000). Moving beyond performance paradigms in human resource development. In A. L. Wilson & E. R. Hayes (Eds.), Handbook of adult and continuing education (pp. 278-293). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Analysis:
- Note the indented block to indicate that this portion of the text is a word for word quotation (no need for quotation marks).
- Indented blocks are used when the quote is 40 words or more.
- The name of the author, year of publication, and page number in the text (APA style) are indicated to acknowledge the source.
- A reference is also provided (APA style).
- Example 7: Word-for-Word - Plagiarism
Original Source Material Student's Version Business plays a mammoth role in workforce development, but many environments are inhospitable to learning, and business goals may fail to serve the learner. The competitive global economy has caused employers to take a greater interest in human resource development because it is through people, not technology, that competitive edge is gained.
Employers are more interested in human resource development because people represent a competitive advantage to meet their goals. Everyday, business plays a more important role in workforce development towards those same goals. Source:
Bierema, L. L. (2000). Moving beyond performance paradigms in human resource development. In A. L. Wilson & E. R. Hayes (Eds.), Handbook of adult and continuing education (pp. 278-293). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Reference:
Bierema, L. L. (2000). Moving beyond performance paradigms in human resource development. In A. L. Wilson & E. R. Hayes (Eds.), Handbook of adult and continuing education (pp. 278-293). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Analysis:
- The text has been reorganized using the author's words and ideas but no citation is provided.
- Providing a reference (APA style) is not enough, a citation must be also in the paragraph. References are used ONLY if the author is cited in the text.
Word-for-Word Plagiarism in Spoken Words
Plagiarism occurs when another person's spoken words are not quoted or acknowledged whether those words have been expressed in a class, a conference, an informal conversation, or an interview.
- Example 1: Conference - Plagiarism
Original Source Material Student's Version When you are marketing your image, you are a walking advertisement as every action defines your brand. Your office space also reaffirms your brand so attention must be paid to its layout and the resources placed in it like books, magazines, or newspapers.
Your appearance must match the image you are attempting to create. Also, communications must be positive or solution focused in voicemails, emails, and memos.It is often said that every person is a walking advertisement of his or her own brand. If this is so, then I consider that attention must be paid to every action that defines such a brand. For example, the office space, including its layout and the resources in it like books or magazines, reaffirms a person's brand. Source:
Love, S. P. (2004, October). Creating raving fans by marketing the brand called you. Presentation conducted at the monthly meeting of The Fort Lauderdale Chapter of the American Society for Training and Development, Fort Lauderdale, FL.Analysis:
- Note that the student is using ideas and words from the conference's authorwithout acknowledging the source.
- The student is presenting other's ideas as his/her own.
- Example 2: Conference - Correct use
Original Source Material Student's Version When you are marketing your image, you are a walking advertisement as every action defines your brand. Your office space also reaffirms your brand so attention must be paid to its layout and the resources placed in it like books, magazines, or newspapers.
Your appearance must match the image you are attempting to create. Also, communications must be positive or solution focused in voicemails, emails, and memos.If a person is a brand in itself, Love (2004) advises us that every move we make serves to shape that brand: from the books we display in our offices to our appearance and ways of communicating. Every aspect of ourselves is a reflection of our own brand. Source:
Love, S. P. (2004, October). Creating raving fans by marketing the brand called you. Presentation conducted at the monthly meeting of The Fort Lauderdale Chapter of the American Society for Training and Development, Fort Lauderdale, FL.Reference:
Love, S. P. (2004, October). Creating raving fans by marketing the brand called you. Presentation conducted at the monthly meeting of The Fort Lauderdale Chapter of the American Society for Training and Development, Fort Lauderdale, FL.Analysis:
- Note that the student provides an in-text citation (APA style) to give credit to the source of ideas and words presented: Love, 2004.
- In this case, the source is some material presented at a conference.
- A reference is also provided (APA style).